A case report of hydralazine-induced skin reaction: Probable toxic epidermal necrolysis (TEN)

PATIENT Female, 75 FINAL DIAGNOSIS: Hypertensive crisis with multi organ failure Symptoms: Anemia • general weakness • hypokalemia • nausea • tachycardia MEDICATION - Clinical Procedure: - Specialty: Cardiology. OBJECTIVE Unexpected drug reaction. BACKGROUND Skin reactions are common adverse drug reactions and may include angioedema, erythroderma, Stevens-Johnson syndrome, and toxic epidermal necrolysis (TEN). TEN is a rare but serious reaction characterized by widespread erythema, necrosis, and bullous detachment of the epidermis and mucous membranes. CASE REPORT An elderly woman presented with generalized weakness and nausea, associated with a hypertensive crisis. Following the initiation of hydralazine, well-demarcated erythematous maculopapular rashes appeared on her right forearm and left leg, which transformed into a bullous rash. Subsequently, a similar patch appeared on her left forearm, with a similar progression and associated with generalized edema of the extremities. A clinical diagnosis of drug-induced toxic epidermal necrolysis was made and hydralazine was discontinued. Following this, the skin lesions improved, with complete subsequent resolution. Skin biopsy was not performed due to the rapid resolution of the lesions. A negative screen for autoantibodies ruled out systemic lupus erythematosus, scleroderma, and other undifferentiated connective tissue disorders. After re-administration of hydralazine, the same lesions appeared again, which again resolved after its discontinuation, thus confirming our initial clinical suspicion. Treatment is immediate discontinuation of the offending drug and supportive care. CONCLUSIONS Clinical awareness with close monitoring is important for the identification of a rare adverse drug reaction, which can be fatal if not diagnosed and treated promptly.